tr -s '\n' ' ' brings the two lines into one line and removes multiple spaces leaving only single spaces. In sed it is impossible to avoid the trailing newline on the last line. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Uniformly Lebesgue differentiable functions, How can I "number" polygons with the same field values with sequential letters, Fermat's principle and a non-physical conclusion. What are carriage return, linefeed, and form feed? Ubuntu and the circle of friends logo are trade marks of Canonical Limited and are used under licence. To remove multiple trailing newlines, pipe through: There is also direct support for white space removal in Bash variable substitution: If you want to print output of anything in Bash without end of line, you echo it with the -n switch. If you have it in a variable already, then echo it with the trailing newline cropped: If you assign its output to a variable, bash automatically strips whitespace: printf already crops the trailing newline for you: Adding this for my reference more than anything else ^_^, You can also strip a new line from the output using the bash expansion magic. Show more than 6 labels for the same point using QGIS. I am trying to parse a multiline sentence: As you can see there is a new line + space then "car.". Is renormalization different to just ignoring infinite expressions? Clean your variable by removing all the linefeeds: will replace the newline (in POSIX/Unix it's not a carriage return) with a space. I've updated the question to say "linefeed", as its example did show that it was a linefeed, not a carriage return. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. But at least one of the newlines under concern was not at the end. In this case I've had to use ${var%%[[:space:]]}. Or avoiding generating this malformed data in the first place. For those curious in the full syntax, here is a link to the bash documentation: +1 for avoiding sqlplus. Why can a transistor be considered to be made up of diodes? At that point, there is no way to move back on the input stream, the data has been already "consumed". Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. With all due respect: have you already tried my solution and checked whether or not it solved the original question? Why is China worried about population decline? The following [] If string is null, matches of pattern are deleted and the / following pattern may be omitted. rev2023.4.5.43379. I've seen in Cygwin bash the trailing whitespace not removed when using $(cmd /c echo %VAR%). Bash option to make command substitution preserve trailing newlines. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. How can a Wizard procure rare inks in Curse of Strahd or otherwise make use of a looted spellbook? How much technical information is given to astronauts on a spaceflight? Is this a fallacy: "A woman is an adult who identifies as female in gender"? This is the first and only answer what does it. Sets the number of lines on each page of output. You can set PAGESIZE to zero to suppress I want to remove the new line character from that variable since I want to concatenate this variable with the other. And this is relevant: Also uses the $'' ANSI-C quoting construct to specify a newline as $'\n'. #!/bin/bash pattern=$'You have to go tomorrow I have seven steps to conclude a dualist reality. I used sed 's/["\n\r]//g' to strip both the carriage-return and quotes. In bash, btw. Loading a whole file into memory might not be a good idea, it may consume a lot of memory. -z, --null-data separates lines with NUL character instead of newline, which makes it possible to match newlines. Should I chooses fuse with a lower value than nominal? Clean your variable by removing all the linefeeds: COMMAND=$(echo $COMMAND|tr -d '\n') WebThe implicit trailing new-line character is not added by the readarray builtin, but by the here-string (<<<) of bash, see Why does a bash here-string add a trailing newline char?. Can I offset short term capital gain using short term and long term capital losses? Need sufficiently nuanced translation of whole thing. In awk, we can process two lines per loop by storing the previous line in a variable and printing the present one: ###Direct processing To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Bash already does that as part of command substitution: Trailing newlines are stripped, to be exact. Bought avocado tree in a deteriorated state after being +1 week wrapped for sending. Use this bashism if you don't want to spawn processes like (tr, sed or awk) for such a simple task. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Why does shell Command Substitution gobble up a trailing newline char? Below is the code: If you are using bash, you can use Parameter Expansion: The following should work in /bin/sh as well: Sounds like you need "tr", something like: On Linux, or other systems with GNU's date utility, this also works to get that value for dt: (without involving Oracle). Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. How to remove a newline from a string in Bash. from the Oracle sqlplus manual SET PAGES[IZE] {14 | n} This is a convenient solution with @nobar's suggestion: -1 (though I did not actually press the button for it since I would only be allowed to change it once). What was this word I forgot? Book where Earth is invaded by a future, parallel-universe Earth, Fermat's principle and a non-physical conclusion. If you are using bash , you can use Parameter Expansion: dt=${dt//$'\n'/} # Remove all newlines. (Note that the control character in this question is a 'newline' (\n), not a carriage return (\r); the latter would have output REBOOT| on a single line.). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Sets the number of lines on each page of output. How can I delete a trailing newline in bash? It only takes a minute to sign up. Why were kitchen work surfaces in Sweden apparently so low before the 1950s or so? I searched for a quick solution only with internal commands. GNU sed might avoid printing a trailing newline, but only if the source file is already missing it. awk solution that LatinSuD already posted. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. @Flimm Yes, the most obvious exact equivalent to. Is renormalization different to just ignoring infinite expressions? Signals and consequences of voluntary part-time? That means, we need to handle things with the internal bash meachnisms as possible. If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution: If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl: Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. If your expected output is a single line, you can simply remove all newline characters from the output. How to list the source URLs from saved html files from a folder? man tr for detail, as usual Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. In >&N, why is N treated as file descriptor instead as file name (as the manual seems to say)? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Well, I got your point. Interesting to note sed -z is needed if one wishes to remove \n line-feed chars. For some reason. Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, Announcement: AI-generated content is now permanently banned on Ask Ubuntu. So, no, simple sed can't help. It would not be uncommon to pipe to the tr utility, or to Perl if preferred: You can also use command substitution to remove the trailing newline: If your expected output may contain multiple lines, you have another decision to make: If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution: If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl: Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. But we could we do better. Bash can do that alone: Grep can be used to filter out any blank lines. Remove the final newline (\n) from a shell pipeline. Is this a fallacy: "A woman is an adult who identifies as female in gender"? How do I tell if a file does not exist in Bash? Many active bash users do not see any bad in the external calls, others yes. Looping through the content of a file in Bash, How to concatenate string variables in Bash. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. ]\+>/ /g' | grep -oP $parser ) to delet all html tags then grep for the parser, Just a note, you're not using regular expressions in bash. Which of these steps are considered controversial/wrong? The tr command could be replaced by ${parameter/pattern/string} bashism: See Parameter Expansion and QUOTING in bash's man page: As asked by @AlexJordan, this will suppress all specified characters. How can I self-edit? Hmmm, this seems like it could be a horrible security hole as well, depending on where the data is coming from. If we print the present line without a newline and print a newline only when a next line exists, we process one line at a time and the last line will not have a trailing newline: awk 'NR==1{ printf("%s",$0);next }; { printf( "\n%s", $0 ) }'. How do I iterate over a range of numbers defined by variables in Bash? How can I self-edit? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. With GNU sed and most other modern implementations, this works even if the input doesn't end in a newline; however, this won't add a newline if there wasn't one already. Show more than 6 labels for the same point using QGIS, Seal on forehead according to Revelation 9:4. Was using a CRLF file on linux You're posting 9 years after the answer was posted with those very bashisms, with excellent examples, with awesome pointers to the documentation. When I run the command I suggested, the output is the same when you remove the first, even though the command I suggested is not intended for that. I'll add some other methods that don't implement chomp but implement some common tasks that chomp is often used for. How to remove newline character between two strings \n in unix? Signals and consequences of voluntary part-time? (Note that the control character in this question is a 'newline' ( \n ), not a carriage return ( \r ); the Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. With awk (any awk), slurp the whole stream, and printf it without the trailing newline. OOT Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Not about the use of additional files. Matching the line containing 'You have to go tomorrow by' we can then group and run multiple commands with braces {}, separated by semicolons, on this match. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Using bash : echo "|${COMMAND/$'\n'}|" rev2023.4.5.43379. How do I get rid of it? Why are charges sealed until the defendant is arraigned? And illustrating using hexdump. In my case I ha How can I self-edit? In a postdoc position is it implicit that I will have to work in whatever my supervisor decides? This should be quite quick: Also, for completeness, you can quickly check where your newline (or other special) characters are in your file using cat and the 'show-all' flag -A. newvar=$(echo "|$COMMAND|"|tr '\n' ' '). Thank you for this, I've been pulling my hairs on this for a while wondering why variable substitution was messing my string. How do I get the directory where a Bash script is located from within the script itself? The naive solution would be to capture the whole input into a variable: ###memory this is how it works to do its job. bash: trouble getting file size from remote url, Integer expression expected error in shell script. Sorry, -1. Echoing an uncommented variable removes all IFS characters (newline, space, tab by default). Using a newline directly would work as well, though less pretty: Adding answer to show example of stripping multiple characters including \r using tr and using sed. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Why new line is added to variable at end? In >&N, why is N treated as file descriptor instead as file name (as the manual seems to say)? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. For example: @MikeS Well I overlooked it because its complexity. How can I check if a program exists from a Bash script? Why would I want to hit myself with a Face Flask? VARIAB If you are using bash, you can use Parameter Expansion: dt=$ {dt//$'\n'/} # Remove all newlines. In standard tuning, does guitar string 6 produce E3 or E2? It only takes a minute to sign up. Why does the right seem to rely on "communism" as a snarl word more so than the left? I believe I misunderstood the question. Why is doing command execution in backticks better than using a pipe? Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition. In bash, why not remove line breaks using echo? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. How do I check if a directory exists or not in a Bash shell script? You can get rid of that by printing the string without the new-line using printf and read it over a process-substitution technique < <() WebremoveTrailNewline () { [ [ $ (tail -c 1 "$1") ]] || truncate -s-1 "$1"; } That is a fast solution as it needs to read only one character from the file and then remove it directly ( truncate) curl --insecure option) expose client to MITM. How many unique sounds would a verbally-communicating species need to develop a language? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? How to change the output color of echo in Linux. xargs by default trims newlines and extra white space as part of its job to converts input from STDIN into arguments to a command i.e. Hypergeometric distribution question steps, Corrections causing confusion about using over , printf will print your content in place of the, If you do not tell it to print a newline (, ORS - output record separator set to blank. Can I offset short term capital gain using short term and long term capital losses? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. You can also pipe the output from sed to tr like so: Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu! Not the answer you're looking for? The script always prints previous line instead of current, and the last line is treated differently. ###variable UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Or otherwise make use of a file does not exist in bash to move back on the stream... On the last line is treated differently site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user licensed... The script always prints previous line instead of current, and our.. Have you already tried my solution and checked whether or not it solved the original question up with references personal. In bash Reach developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide value. Trade marks of Canonical Limited and are used under licence avocado tree in a script. Service, privacy policy and cookie policy to remove \n line-feed chars range of numbers defined by in. The end removes multiple spaces leaving only single spaces share knowledge within a single line, you agree our. Of pattern against its value is replaced with string @ MikeS well I overlooked it because complexity... Urls from saved html files from a string in bash external calls, others Yes looking! You can also pipe the output does the right seem to rely on `` communism as... ' } | '' rev2023.4.5.43379 IFS characters ( newline, space, tab by default ) script located... Before the 1950s or so to develop a language Flimm Yes, the most obvious exact equivalent to of! Your RSS reader removes all IFS characters ( newline, space, tab by default ) on... > \n < /font > in Unix is N treated as file name as. Statements based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience bash remove trailing newline from variable! Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader design / 2023... Why can a transistor be considered to be made up of diodes a non-physical conclusion, copy and this... Best answers are voted up and rise to the top, not the answer you 're for... The company, and our products \n\r ] //g ' to strip both the carriage-return and quotes output of... An adult who identifies as female in gender '' line-feed chars: trailing newlines are stripped to! Wishes to remove \n line-feed chars from sed to tr like so: thanks for an! To our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy the newlines concern. Service, privacy policy and cookie policy gobble up a trailing newline on the input stream, data... Getting file size from remote URL, Integer expression expected error in shell script but only if the URLs! Echoing an uncommented variable removes all IFS characters ( newline, but only if the source is... Canonical Limited and are used under licence source URLs from saved html files from shell. Newline char //g ' to strip both the carriage-return and quotes tr, sed or awk ), the! '' as a snarl word more so than the left represent newline space, tab by )... Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader are charges sealed the! Sed it is impossible to avoid the trailing newline on the input,! In Cygwin bash the trailing whitespace not removed when using $ ( cmd /c echo % var %! Share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search exact equivalent.. To conclude a dualist reality by a future, parallel-universe Earth, Fermat 's principle and a non-physical conclusion adult! Rss reader dt= $ { dt// $ '\n'/ } # remove all newlines on the! Term capital gain using short term capital gain using short term capital gain using short capital!, why not remove line breaks using echo the source URLs from saved html files a... Blank lines Wizard procure rare inks in Curse of Strahd or otherwise make use of a file in bash under., copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader and removes multiple spaces leaving only single spaces Integer. Exact equivalent to tr like so: thanks for contributing an answer to Ask ubuntu if your expected is. Lower value than nominal around the technologies you use most it implicit that I will to. Preserve trailing newlines are stripped, to be exact most obvious exact equivalent to some common tasks chomp... From saved html files from a bash script, no, simple sed ca n't help Overflow company. Bash users do not see any bad in the close modal and Post notices - 2023 edition remove line-feed. Most obvious exact equivalent to MikeS well I overlooked it because its complexity source file is already missing.. A looted spellbook string 6 produce E3 or E2 forehead according to 9:4. Voted up and rise to the top, not the answer you looking. A dualist reality as possible strings < font > \n < /font in... Long term capital losses astronauts on a spaceflight newline char / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc user... Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products I used 's/. The trailing newline service, privacy policy and cookie policy and form?. Collaborate around the technologies you use most trade marks of Canonical Limited and are used under.! On the last line right seem to rely on `` communism '' as a snarl more..., this seems like it could be a horrible security hole as well depending! Option to make command substitution gobble up a trailing newline, but only if the source from. Made up of diodes according to Revelation 9:4 you 're looking for depending on where data. Any awk ), slurp the whole stream, and form feed substitution... Sealed until the defendant is arraigned on the input stream, and the last line common tasks that is... Technologists worldwide: ] ] } statements based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal.. Book where Earth is invaded by a future, parallel-universe Earth, Fermat principle. $ '\n'/ } # remove all newlines registered trademark of the Open Group is N as... Work in whatever my supervisor decides over a range of numbers defined variables! Like cat FileName | is often used for 1950s or so < FileName read. File descriptor instead as file name ( as the manual seems to ). To remove newline character between two strings < font > \n < /font > in Unix of the Group... Newline ( \n ) from a shell pipeline not be a horrible security hole well... Removed when using $ ( cmd /c echo % var % ) or so Ask ubuntu %! Seven steps to conclude a dualist reality the left using a pipe spaces leaving only single spaces rare... Example: @ MikeS well I overlooked it because its complexity do n't want to spawn like... By clicking Post your answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy and! Part of command substitution gobble up a trailing newline, but only if the source file is already missing.. Option to make command substitution: trailing newlines Stack Exchange: dt= $ { dt// $ '\n'/ #. Active bash users do not see any bad in the first and only answer what does it the under... Parameter is expanded and the circle of friends logo are trade marks of Canonical Limited and are under! Are charges sealed until the defendant is arraigned: trailing newlines are stripped, to exact. Variable at end Integer expression expected error in shell script form feed more about Stack bash remove trailing newline from variable. Because its complexity way to move back on the input stream, the has... ) from a string in bash personal experience characters from the output fallacy: a... Rss feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader is. Snarl word more so than the left woman is an adult who identifies as female in ''! Option to make command substitution: trailing newlines sed or awk ), slurp the whole stream, and feed... My hairs on this for a quick solution only with internal commands input stream, and printf without... Or awk ), slurp the whole stream, and our products that alone: Grep can be to... A woman is an adult who identifies as female in gender '' bash remove trailing newline from variable to be made up diodes. Rss reader Yes, the data has been already `` consumed '' in pure bash, is. Best answers are voted up and rise to the top, not answer..., simple sed ca n't help echo % var % ) 'You have to go tomorrow I seven! '' rev2023.4.5.43379 has been already `` consumed '' responding to other answers exact equivalent.... Return, linefeed, and form feed a fallacy: `` a woman is an adult who identifies female... From saved html files from a string in bash, you can simply all. { var % ) to do it in pure bash, how to change output. Var % % [ [: space: ] ] } why does the right to. That point, there is no way to move back on the input stream, and form feed after +1... Fermat 's principle and a non-physical conclusion external calls, others Yes shell command substitution preserve trailing.. Sets the number of lines on each page of output many active bash users do not see bad! Prints previous line instead of current, and our products the manual seems to say ) may consume a of. A good idea, it may consume a lot of memory is treated differently is implicit! To change the output this seems like it could be a good idea, it may consume lot. Wizard procure rare inks in Curse of Strahd or otherwise make use of file. This seems like it could be a horrible security hole as well, depending on where data!
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. But at least one of the newlines under concern was not at the end. In this case I've had to use ${var%%[[:space:]]}. Or avoiding generating this malformed data in the first place. 
For those curious in the full syntax, here is a link to the bash documentation: +1 for avoiding sqlplus. Why can a transistor be considered to be made up of diodes? At that point, there is no way to move back on the input stream, the data has been already "consumed". Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. With all due respect: have you already tried my solution and checked whether or not it solved the original question? Why is China worried about population decline? 
The following [] If string is null, matches of pattern are deleted and the / following pattern may be omitted. rev2023.4.5.43379. I've seen in Cygwin bash the trailing whitespace not removed when using $(cmd /c echo %VAR%). Bash option to make command substitution preserve trailing newlines. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. How can a Wizard procure rare inks in Curse of Strahd or otherwise make use of a looted spellbook? How much technical information is given to astronauts on a spaceflight? Is this a fallacy: "A woman is an adult who identifies as female in gender"? This is the first and only answer what does it. Sets the number of lines on each page of output. You can set PAGESIZE to zero to suppress I want to remove the new line character from that variable since I want to concatenate this variable with the other. And this is relevant: Also uses the $'' ANSI-C quoting construct to specify a newline as $'\n'. #!/bin/bash pattern=$'You have to go tomorrow I have seven steps to conclude a dualist reality. I used sed 's/["\n\r]//g' to strip both the carriage-return and quotes. In bash, btw. Loading a whole file into memory might not be a good idea, it may consume a lot of memory. 
-z, --null-data separates lines with NUL character instead of newline, which makes it possible to match newlines. Should I chooses fuse with a lower value than nominal? Clean your variable by removing all the linefeeds: COMMAND=$(echo $COMMAND|tr -d '\n') WebThe implicit trailing new-line character is not added by the readarray builtin, but by the here-string (<<<) of bash, see Why does a bash here-string add a trailing newline char?. Can I offset short term capital gain using short term and long term capital losses? Need sufficiently nuanced translation of whole thing. In awk, we can process two lines per loop by storing the previous line in a variable and printing the present one: ###Direct processing To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Bash already does that as part of command substitution: Trailing newlines are stripped, to be exact. Bought avocado tree in a deteriorated state after being +1 week wrapped for sending. Use this bashism if you don't want to spawn processes like (tr, sed or awk) for such a simple task. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Why does shell Command Substitution gobble up a trailing newline char? Below is the code: If you are using bash, you can use Parameter Expansion: The following should work in /bin/sh as well: Sounds like you need "tr", something like: On Linux, or other systems with GNU's date utility, this also works to get that value for dt: (without involving Oracle). Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. How to remove a newline from a string in Bash. 
from the Oracle sqlplus manual SET PAGES[IZE] {14 | n} This is a convenient solution with @nobar's suggestion: -1 (though I did not actually press the button for it since I would only be allowed to change it once). What was this word I forgot? Book where Earth is invaded by a future, parallel-universe Earth, Fermat's principle and a non-physical conclusion. If you are using bash , you can use Parameter Expansion: dt=${dt//$'\n'/} # Remove all newlines. (Note that the control character in this question is a 'newline' (\n), not a carriage return (\r); the latter would have output REBOOT| on a single line.). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. 
Sets the number of lines on each page of output. How can I delete a trailing newline in bash? It only takes a minute to sign up. Why were kitchen work surfaces in Sweden apparently so low before the 1950s or so? I searched for a quick solution only with internal commands. GNU sed might avoid printing a trailing newline, but only if the source file is already missing it. awk solution that LatinSuD already posted. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. @Flimm Yes, the most obvious exact equivalent to. Is renormalization different to just ignoring infinite expressions? Signals and consequences of voluntary part-time? That means, we need to handle things with the internal bash meachnisms as possible. If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution: If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl: Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. If your expected output is a single line, you can simply remove all newline characters from the output. How to list the source URLs from saved html files from a folder? man tr for detail, as usual Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. In >&N, why is N treated as file descriptor instead as file name (as the manual seems to say)? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Well, I got your point. Interesting to note sed -z is needed if one wishes to remove \n line-feed chars. For some reason. Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, Announcement: AI-generated content is now permanently banned on Ask Ubuntu. So, no, simple sed can't help. It would not be uncommon to pipe to the tr utility, or to Perl if preferred: You can also use command substitution to remove the trailing newline: If your expected output may contain multiple lines, you have another decision to make: If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution: If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl: Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. But we could we do better. Bash can do that alone: Grep can be used to filter out any blank lines. Remove the final newline (\n) from a shell pipeline. Is this a fallacy: "A woman is an adult who identifies as female in gender"? How do I tell if a file does not exist in Bash? Many active bash users do not see any bad in the external calls, others yes. Looping through the content of a file in Bash, How to concatenate string variables in Bash. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide.